Eyewall replacement cycle | 眼牆置換循環

Eyewall replacement cycle

眼牆置換循環（Eyewall replacement cycle），又稱為眼壁更替週期，是一種發生於熱帶氣旋中心的現象，在原眼牆外，形成新眼壁，並逐步移入中心，取代舊有的內眼壁。眼牆置換一般會發生於強烈的熱帶氣旋，一般發生在接近中心最高持續風速大於185公里每小時（115英里每小時）的熱帶氣旋，亦即發展非常成熟之颱風或颶風，相當於

• 中國國家氣象中心、
• 香港天文台之超強颱風、
• 臺灣中央氣象局之強烈颱風、
• 薩菲爾-辛普森颶風等級之三級颶風（大型颶風）或以上級別。

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Literature Review

1. Houze Jr, R. A., Chen, S. S., Smull, B. F., Lee, W. C., & Bell, M. M. (2007). Hurricane intensity and eyewall replacement. science, 315(5816), 1235-1239.
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2. Sitkowski, M., J. P. Kossin, and C. M. Rozoff, 2011: Intensity and Structure Changes during Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3829–3847, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00034.1.
   1. A 500 km × 500 km storm-centered 85-GHz AMSR-E imagery of brightness temperatures (K) from Hurricane Frances taken at 1709 UTC 30 Aug 2004. A well-defined warm moat appears between the two convective (cold) eyewalls.

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         A 500 km × 500 km storm-centered 85-GHz AMSR-E imagery of brightness temperatures (K) from Hurricane Frances taken at 1709 UTC 30 Aug 2004. A well-defined warm moat appears between the two convective (cold) eyewalls.

   2. 1. A double modified Rankine vortex with all eight parameters labeled. The radius is from storm center. (b) A complete profile (inbound and outbound radial legs) of tangential wind (gray line) for Hurricane Gilbert (1988). The inbound pass is fit with a double modified Rankine vortex, capturing both wind maxima. The outbound pass is fit with a single modified Rankine vortex, which only allows for the detection of a single wind maximum.

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         (a) A double modified Rankine vortex with all eight parameters labeled. The radius is from storm center. (b) A complete profile (inbound and outbound radial legs) of tangential wind (gray line) for Hurricane Gilbert (1988). The inbound pass is fit with a double modified Rankine vortex, capturing both wind maxima. The outbound pass is fit with a single modified Rankine vortex, which only allows for the detection of a single wind maximum.

   3. A complete profile (inbound and outbound radial legs) of tangential wind for Hurricane Frances (2004). Three wind maxima, identified by number, are observed for each leg. The aircraft was near the storm center at 1815 UTC 30 Aug. The radius is from storm center.

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         A complete profile (inbound and outbound radial legs) of tangential wind for Hurricane Frances (2004). Three wind maxima, identified by number, are observed for each leg. The aircraft was near the storm center at 1815 UTC 30 Aug. The radius is from storm center.