Obs | Lightning data (閃電位置資訊)
HKO hourly_count https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/wxinfo/llis/gm/llis_area_counts.htm https://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/llis/gm/hourly_count 1234#!/bin/bashtmp_dir=$(date +'%Y-%m')mkdir -p ${
65 posts in total
NWP | Specific Humidity
Relative Humidity and the Dewpoint Temperature NWP | Why is RH preferred over mixing ratio for initial moisture in NWP models Tephigram | 溫熵圖 To convert relative humidity (RH) to specific humidity
NWP | PGW + Bias-corrected-CMIP6
Pseudo-Global Warming (PGW) - Future Projection NWP | Pseudo-Global-Warming (PGW) hands-on | ERA5 | GFS NWP | PGW | To prepare the ERA5 GRIB file Bias-corrected CMIP6 Bias-corrected CMIP6 global d
DA | VarBC
Most data assimilation schemes assumes an unbiased observation model error. Berry, Tyrus, and John Harlim. "Correcting biased observation model error in data assimilation." Mo
NWP | MPAS | WRF| Land Use/Land Cover and Soil Type
The Interplay Between Land Use/Land Cover and Soil Type in the WRF Model: Implications for Surface Variable Prognostication The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a widely used numerical
NWP | MPAS | WRF| Albedo calculation
Albedo Description of albedo calculation | Aug 30, 2018 If you map data to the 24-category USGS data, then albedo will be given at the model start time, based on the LANDUSE.TBL. Since
NWP | MPAS | Radar Reflectivity
Radar Reflectivity(雷達回波) 在描述雷達回波圖時，總是避免不了用到一個單位 —— dBZ 。 「dBZ」 是表示雷達回波強度的物理量，可用來估算降雨和降雪強度及預測諸如冰雹、強風等災害性天氣出現的可能性。一般來說，它的數值越大，降雨、降雪的可能性越大，強度也越強。 當回波強度大於或等於40dBZ時，出現雷雨天氣的可能性較大； 當它的值在45dBZ或以上時，出現暴雨、冰雹、強風
NWP | Herbie | Download NWP model output (grib2) | MPAS | WRF
Herbie Herbie is a python package that downloads recent and archived numerical weather prediction (NWP) model output from different cloud archive sources. NWP data is distributed in GRIB2 format which
NWP | Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR)
Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) is a measure of atmospheric turbulence intensity, quantifying how quickly turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is dissipated in the atmosphere. It is
NWP | CMA | CMA_GFS real time data
中國氣象局（China Meteorological Administration，縮寫：CMA），是中華人民共和國國務院負責氣象行政管理與科學研究的副部級直屬事業單位。 CMA-GFS (原名为GRAPES-GFS) 作为我国自主研发的新一代全球数值预报模式，从初始场、变分同化、模式框架等核心技术均实现了自主化。CMA-GFS全球模式从2001年开始组织数值预报团队启动研发，2016年实现业务化
NWP | DA | Kalman Filter
Optimal Interpolation (OI), 3D-Variational Assimilation (3DVar), and the Kalman Filter (KF) share foundational mathematical objectives but differ in implementation and error covariance treatment. Belo
NWP | DA | Optimal weight matrix W
Data assimilation (DA) NWP | DA | Kalman Filter NWP | DA | 4D-Var To derive the optimal weight matrix $ $in DA, we follow a minimum variance approach to combine background (model) and observation d
NWP | 4D-Var | Tangent Linear and Adjoint Models
Data assimilation (DA) What Are Tangent Linear and Adjoint Models? A mathematical explanation of the tangent linear and adjoint models in the context of variational data assimilation such as WRFDA:
NWP | Spectral Method
Spectral methods Spectral methods in numerical weather prediction (NWP) are advanced computational techniques that use global basis functions to solve the atmospheric governing equations with high acc
NWP | AI | NeuralGCM
NWP | AI for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) NeuralGCM is trained through a sophisticated process that combines differentiable physical modeling with machine learning optimization techniques. He
NWP | Pressure Altitude Calculator
Pressure Altitude Calculator Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude Calculator | NOAA What is the formula for the pressure altitude script? From the user, a station pressure (\(P_{sta}\)) is given. To
NWP | PGW | Order of Pressure levels of GRIB file
NWP | Pseudo-Global-Warming (PGW) hands-on | ERA5 | GFS NWP | ERA5 | GRIB1 and GRIB2 In GRIB files, the order of pressure levels is important because ma
NWP | ERA5 | GRIB1 and GRIB2
WRF | GRIB1, GRIB2, NetCDF ERA5 CDS upgrade (2024 Sep) GRIB GRIB is a WMO format for gridded data. GRIB is used by the operational meteorological cente