CFD | Wall Function
Why using wall functions approach? Nowadays turbulence models are heavily used when doing CFD simulations. However, some mature turbulence models such as $ k-$ are only valid in the area of turbulence
CFD | RANS vs. URANS vs. LES
Characteristics of turbulence One characteristic of turbulent flows is their irregularity (or randomness). A fully deterministic approach to characterize turbulent flows is very difficult. Turbulent f
ML | Diffusion Models (Denoising diffusion probabilistic models)
Diffusion Models Diffusion Models are generative models, meaning that they are used to generate data similar to the data on which they are trained. Fundamentally, Diffusion Models work by destroying t
ML | U-Net
U-Net The U-Net architecture follows an encoder-decoder cascade structure, where the encoder gradually compresses information into a lower-dimensional representation. Then the decoder decodes this inf
ML | GNN Graph Neural Network Model
Overview of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a specialized type of neural network designed to process and analyze graph-structured data. Unlike traditional neural networks
ML | PyTorch
PyTorch 2017 年初由 Facebook 開源的另一套建立在 Torch 之上的深度學習框架 PyTorch 因其語法簡潔優雅、概念直觀和易上手的特性，甫推出便迅速走紅，儼然已成為瓜分深度學習市場的有力競爭者。 PyTorch is an optimized tensor library for deep learning using GPUs and CPUs. Automatic d
Maths | ROC Curves
ROC curve 在訊號檢測理論中，接收者操作特徵曲線，或者叫 ROC 曲線（Receiver operating characteristic curve），是一種坐標圖式的分析工具， 用於選擇最佳的訊號偵測模型 、 捨棄次佳的模型 或者 在同一模型中設置最佳閾值。 在做決策時，ROC分析能不受成本／效益的影響，給出客觀中立的建議。 ROC曲線 (Receiver operating ch
MPAS | Smagorinsky turbulence model | Eddy viscosity
Large eddy simulation (LES) Large eddy simulation (LES) is a mathematical model for turbulence used in computational fluid dynamics. It was initially proposed in 1963 by Joseph Smagorinsky to simulate
